For some volunteers and mothers it was a genuine bond of friendship that sometimes felt as strong as a family relationship; it was long term and open ended, and sometimes acquired a reciprocal element.
Whereas some commentators regard charitable giving as entirely selfless (Acs and Philips, 2002; Boulding; 1962; Radley and Kennedy, 1995), Bekkers and Wiepking (2011) argue instead that there is a reciprocal element to philanthropic contributions, but that it is indirect and value-oriented rather than overt.
Finally, in its later phase, this program will develop novel devices utilizing mechanically modulated cavities to break time-reversal symmetry in photonic circuits enabling a new type of chip-scale photonic circulator as well as other interesting non-reciprocal elements.
It is specifically the reciprocal learning element, somewhat unusual in North-South collaborations [ 14] that has strengthened the bilateral relationship.
If the switches on either side of the capacitor were staggered in time, the circuit exhibited a gyrator response a fundamental non-reciprocal circuit element that can be used to create arbitrary non-reciprocal circuits, such as circulators.
It is shown that the inverse transform of the proposed PROJT is conveniently obtained by the reciprocal of each elements of the forward matrix and transpose operation.
Since it is a diagonal matrix, the inverse matrix (mathbf {S}_{i}^{-1}) is readily derived by taking the reciprocal of each element, which costs q divisions.
In other words, the (k,i) entry of [ J ] N RT is equal to the reciprocal of the element in the (i,k) position in [J] N. We now recall the definition of a jacket matrix which is reciprocal-orthogonal in [7].
First, regardless of their ultimate origin or justification, human rights are understood to represent both individual and group demands for political power, wealth, enlightenment, and other cherished values or capabilities, the most fundamental of which is respect and its constituent elements of reciprocal tolerance and mutual forbearance in the pursuit of all other such values or capabilities.
New inconsistency index of reciprocal matrix with fuzzy elements is introduced and newly designed method of logarithmic least squares for eliciting associated weights is applied.
