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The exocytosis of secretory proteins may be regulated, whereby a ligand must bind to a receptor to trigger vesicle fusion and protein secretion.
A receptor transactivation assay further showed that this novel protein could bind to PRL receptor to trigger the downstream post-receptor event, indicating that it is biologically active.
The classical MHC I molecule mainly functions as a component that binds antigenic peptides, presenting them to the T-cell receptor to trigger the cellular immune response [3].
Superantigens are not processed within the antigen-presenting cell before being presented to T cells [2], instead, they bind directly to the alpha chain of the major histocompatibility complex, class II (MHC-II), and are recognized by the Vβ chain of T cell receptor to trigger a massive T-cell activation [3].
IL-6 also binds to both membrane-bound IL-6 receptor and soluble IL-6 receptor to trigger NF-κB and STAT3-dependent hepatic regeneration [ 36, 37].
It suggests that SpsB is bound to the membrane and probably serves as receptor to trigger Sps activity via the SpsK kinase.
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By using an optical trap, a microparticle (e.g. cell, bead) can be manipulated non-destructively and directed towards a phagocytic cell, engaging cell surface receptors to trigger the phagocytosis process.
These glycopeptides, also referred to as anaphylatoxins, are potent immunoinflammatory modulators that bind to their respective receptors to trigger an inflammatory response.
Recent reports indicate that sFRP1 can also directly interact with Frizzled receptors to trigger intracellular signals (Bafico et al, 1999; Rodriguez et al, 2005).
Pathogenic bacteria tightly interact with their host, often exploiting adhesin-mediated engagement of eukaryotic surface receptors to trigger intracellular signaling events [ 1].
To date, efforts have focused primarily on the grafting and presentation of the RGD motif but this peptide represents one of many ligand motifs that interact with cell receptors to trigger cell responses.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com