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However, the reception of a reply packet is not certain in the above works due to lack of synchronization between the sender and receiver nodes.
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where Tround is the time between the departure of a ranging packet from device A and the reception of the reply packet from device B and Treply is a turn-around time.
In two-way handshaking-based neighbor discovery mechanisms, a receiver node, after reception of a message, sends back a REPLY message toward the sender node, facilitating both nodes to discover each other in one event of communications.
Finally, the process ends when node A receives this synchronization reply message at T4. Assuming that the clock drift and the propagation delay do not change from the transmission of the request message to the reception of reply one; node A calculates their value by using the following expressions (1): d = T 2 − T 1 − T 4 − T 3 2 ; Δ = T 2 − T 1 + T 4 − T 3 2 (1).
Note that, on successful reception of HELLO or REPLY messages, a node discovers neighbor(s) directly or indirectly in one of the L or R states.
However, both the works [11, 12] lack in guaranteeing responder the reception of reply packets which increases the discovery latency for a dense network.
Each reverse route is established on reception of positive route reply packet (RREP).
At the reception of the service reply message by the service requester, this latter will chose the less loaded service provider that satisfies other QoS requirements.
More specifically, the route discovery process of D2CARP starts with a Route REQuest (RREQ) packet broadcasted by the source to neighbors on each channel not affected by a PU activity, and it ends with one or several routes set up after the reception of Route REPlies (RREPs) from the destination.
If upon reception of a RREQ the node has a valid route entry to the requested destination or the node is the destination itself, the node sends a route reply (RREP) message back to the source node.
This paper addressed the possible mechanisms of primary reception of a mechanical stimulus by different cells.
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