To determine the population at risk for lung cancer, we used the 1970, 1978 1980, and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys to estimate the annual number of current and recent smokers (those who had quit within 5 years) in 11 5-year birth cohorts, starting in 1901.
Although the four retirement communities were nonsmoking facilities and none of the participants were current or recent smokers (within 12 months), 44% were former smokers.
We removed current and recent smokers from the analysis because the large effect of smoking can potentially mask the effect of other important risk factors.
Likewise, cigarette smoking tends to lower the risk of developing EC, and it is thought to be more pronounced in recent smokers (Cook et al, 2006).
In the TRILOGY trial, the hazard ratio for major bleeding related to non-coronary artery bypass grafting for prasugrel compared with clopidogrel was 1.72 (0.68 to 4.37) in current or recent smokers and 1.18 (0.68 to 2.05) in not current or recent smokers.
Whereas current or recent smokers received the smoking intervention (which included content addressing both active smoking and passive smoke exposure), non-smokers who were exposed to smoke received a specific ETSE intervention.
This hypothesis is supported by numerous studies that report unchanged or decreased breast cancer risk in current or recent smokers because the antiestrogenic effects should be strongest near diagnosis.
The longitudinal panel study of the Ontario Tobacco Survey was a regionally stratified, population-based representative telephone survey of adult recent smokers who were 18 years of age or older and had smoked at least 1 cigarette in the past 6 months in Ontario, Canada.
For the study presented here, subjects were divided into four groups: current smokers, recent former smokers, long-term former smokers, and never-smokers.
‡ Further adjusted for level of education, smoking (non-smokers or long-term ex-smokers, current smokers or recent ex-smokers with <20 cigarettes/day, current smokers or recent ex-smokers with 20+ cigarettes/day), alcohol consumption (non-drinkers, <7, 7 14, 14 21, and 21+ drinks/day), and serology of hepatitis B and C virus, if applicable.
