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In terms of major morphological and inferred behavioural features, strashilids resemble the recent (extant) and relict members of the aquatic fly family Nymphomyiidae.
While the geographical origin of Justinian's Plague is unknown, the Black Death and Third Pandemic both probably emerged from the interior of Central Asia, where the plague bacterium seems likely to have evolved after diverging from its most recent extant relative, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and is also still endemic in large areas [ 5, 8- 11].
Variability in LAG spacing from the inner cortex to the periosteum is consistent with recent extant experimental work that shows that different long bones of an individual grow at different rates [ 22], and may also relate to annual variation in resource availiblity [ 9, 20], or functional responses to ontogenetic gait shifts [ 43], among other factors.
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Continued use of thrown spears among recent or extant foragers and pastoralists is well-evidenced22,58,59,60, suggesting this weapon played an important role throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene.
Most recent and extant species would, therefore, probably be descendants of animals which had recolonised the island from Africa or Madagascar after this event.
As a follow-up to our recent study on extant silicoflagellate doublets, we present a compilation of data on the fossil record of silicoflagellate double skeletons, with particular focus on the Cretaceous and Paleogene.
In recent bench experiments, extant evolved RNA molecules encoding complex, functional structural folds were compared to oligonucleotides corresponding to randomized counterparts [104].
On the other hand, the molecular data have been mainly obtained from extant or recent populations, whereas craniofacial variation has been assessed using skeletal samples from Early and Late Holocene populations.
ABCB11 orthologs are present in non-mammals such as Xenopus, birds, and reptiles, while the duplication event that led to ABCB1 and ABCB4 occurred after the split of mammals from reptiles and before the most recent common ancestor of extant mammals, i.e., sometime between 310 million years ago [24], [25] and ∼235 million years ago [26].
‡Estimation of the year of the most recent common ancestor of extant CoV.
Fitch Parsimony identified North America as the origin of the most recent common ancestor of extant Vitis species.
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