In recent years, MAS breeding programs are being applied as an important supplement to the conventional phenotypic selection.
To these, 26 accessions of relevance to recent Canadian flax breeding programs were added, resulting in a core collection of 407 accessions.
Strong LD values across long genetic distances such as those found in the region of Fr-H2 and Fr-H1 usually arise from inbreeding and recent selection (usually within breeding programs) and can be an indication of strong population stratification.
To account for recent and older inbreeding simultaneously in breeding programs that aim at reducing inbreeding, longer ROH (>50 SNPs or 3 Mb) should be explicitly considered in addition to other measures of genomic inbreeding.
Although currently lacking critical empirical assessment in any salmonid (or to my knowledge any other organism besides fruitflies), captive breeding programs adopting many recent procedures (see details in Table 2) might reduce the severity of domestication selection or captive generations in a number of ways that could mitigate fitness reductions in captivity.
Because of the reduced genetic variability in Saccharum hybrids, caused by recent speciation, the introduction of biotechnology tools in breeding programs can significantly contribute to the production of improved cultivars [ 24].
In recent years, GS has been implemented in dairy cattle breeding programs [ 4– 8] and has been described as the most promising molecular application in livestock [ 9].
In recent years, SNP markers have gained popularity in crop breeding programs due to their low cost, high throughput efficiency, and abundance.
In recent years, genomic prediction has been adopted in many breeding programs for the main livestock species, to enable genomic selection [ 1] instead of traditional selection based on performance of selection candidates or close relatives such as sibs or offspring.
Next, we looked at a more recent domestication event, involving R. rugosa which was introduced in breeding programs in the nineteenth century.
