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The instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver measures the frequency of an incoming signal instantaneously, which prohibits the use of a scanned receiver design.
A receiver measures the received channel quality, such as signal-to-interference ratio (SINR), and converts it to discrete CQI steps.
A positive offset means the receiver measures a lower received power while negative offset means the received power is higher.
This instrument, which features both an acoustic transmitter and a receiver, measures the time taken by a pulse of sound to travel from the sea bottom to the surface and back again.
The GPS receiver measures the slant TEC for each satellite.
The GPS receiver measures the TOAs, and calculates the time-of-flight (TOF) plus an unknown offset.
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Each pair of illuminator and receiver measure the targets independently.
We begin by identifying the receiver measuring the maximal RSS for an attack message.
The sender and receiver measure the energy costs of data and ACK packets, respectively.
The EWO-EFD is dedicated to measuring the DC and very low-frequency electric fields, while the EWO-WFC/OFA(E) is the electric field receiver measuring from 10 Hz to 100 kHz.
As shown in the previous section, the amplitude and phase of the optical noise signal generally depend on —as well as on system parameters such as and, the length of the water column between target and receiver measured along the laser beam propagation direction.
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