Consequently, they obtained higher scores in carrying out their reasoning-gap activities.
WGCTA's two subtests of deduction and inference making which contain reasoning-gap tasks are utilized as the posttest.
It means that different individuals performed differently regarding private speech production when they dealt with reasoning-gap tasks.
The two subsections of making inference and deduction were chosen for the purpose of this study including appropriate reasoning-gap tasks.
Moreover, regarding using question during carrying out reasoning-gap tasks Sonmez (2011) contends that asking questions can help the participants "to orient and re-orient themselves to the task" (p. 126).
The present study investigated the role of the advanced EFL learners' private speech production characterized as being the externalization of the process of reasoning during carrying out reasoning-gap tasks.
On the other hand, those learners who did not receive treatment, paid less attention to the reasoning-gap tasks, being less self-regulated, and consequently, produced less amount of private speech.
Table 8 Private Speech Study and Its Accompanying Categorization Citation Private speech categorization Task Setting Ohta (2001) 1. Repetition Reasoning-gap tasks Lab setting 2. Translation Sonmez (2011) 3. Filler 4. Question.
It was observed that while performing the reasoning-gap tasks applied in this study, the EFL learners produced four types of private speech, repetition, translation, filler, and question, in both their L1 and L2.
The participants' private speech were audiotaped in an almost quiet lab with few distractions, through a set of personal computers and a headset for every participant individually while they were engaging in solving the reasoning-gap tasks in two sessions for the two groups of control and experimental, separately.
Regarding the second sub-research question stating that 'do higher order thinking enhancing techniques make any statistically significant difference between the deductive reasoning of the control and experimental groups as determined by their private speech?,' the control and experimental groups' performance on deduction part of reasoning-gap tasks were examined.
