However, when LAs explained their reason for an answer, students were least likely to respond with their own reasoning or background statements (p < 0.05, chi-square test; Figure 3).
Deductive reasoning uses background knowledge to construct (by unstated means) a hypothesis that is tested experimentally to produce observations.
This prompt was typically used by LAs to initiate discussion with the students: in one-third of the discussions, the LAs used a sequence of at least two questions before providing reasoning or background.
Indeed, Kant and Seneca agree on the following point (though of course much of the background reasoning differs): good giving may even require leaving the recipient of help in the dark, because otherwise the negative effects (the social positioning of someone as recipient and ultimately dependent) can outweigh the benefit (2.10.1).
For example, in response to Prompting Questions from LAs, student responses included 20 questions, 10 reasoning statements, six background statements, 17 acknowledgments, and one end of discussion.
The algorithm identifies the objects (in this case abandoned luggage items) via logical foreground-background reasoning, while ignoring all irrelevant objects within the same scene.
In the second level, the process of analysis and reasoning runs in the background in offline mode.
Charles Tilly challenges a common assumption that causal reasoning depends on identifying background causal regularities; he argues instead for an approach to causal reasoning that emphasizes the role of concrete causal mechanisms (McAdam, Tarrow, and Tilly 2001).
Willigenburg (2005), following Frankfurt (1999), argues that love provides a kind of concern that is necessary as the background of reasoning by making certain considerations salient and important to us.
Section 3 provides detailed discussion of each of the key elements presented in the flow diagram, containing further detail on the background and reasoning behind each of the key elements, and information on the various design options available to researchers.
