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Williams here distinguishes internal and external reasons, proposing that the truth conditions of internal reason statements be supposed essentially to involve facts about the motivations of the agent whereas those of external reasons should not.
His style of lecturing was impressive: lucid and informative, often impassioned, always enlightening, a reasoned statement of a highly radical analysis.
Having read Justice Antonin Scalia's decision not to recuse himself in the case involving Vice President Dick Cheney (front page, March 19), I find it a reasoned statement of why personal friendships and interactions are not grounds for recusal by a Supreme Court justice.
He flooded the government, the legislature, and the press with closely reasoned statements of Indian grievances.
Given this package of ontological views, the reason-statement-based version of the distinction looks unhelpful.
However, the reason-statement-based version of the distinction has problems of its own.
So Pettit's version of the distinction, and more generally the reason-statement-based version of the distinction, seems unlikely to offend against particularist sensibilities.
So far, it looks like we have a kind of dominance argument for the reason-statement-based version of the distinction.
Nor does it seem to exclude a variety of ontological views about reasons as the reason-statement-based version of the distinction did.
This is not to say that there are not ontologies which would provide a framework in which the reason-statement version of the distinction could be useful.
The reason-statement-based approach to the distinction is tenable on certain ontological views about reasons but seems useless on a wide variety of other plausible ontological views about reasons.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com