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The main reason of deactivation is cross-over of the electrolyte, particularly of K ions.
This may be the main reason of deactivation of unsupported catalysts; the much less significant deactivation of supported samples may be connected with surface carbonization.
Carbon deposition was the major reason of deactivation of the molybdenum catalysts, while nickel catalysts rapidly lost their activity in the presence of sulfur.
Stability test showed that PS-20Ni deactivated with time on stream, and the strong adsorption of oxygen-containing compounds on the acid sites in PS-20Ni is speculated to be the major reason of deactivation.
Raman studies of used catalysts proved that their surface was almost completely covered with carbonaceous deposit, which was probably the main reason of deactivation of catalysts under reaction conditions.
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Characterization of spent catalysts shed light both on the reasons of deactivation phenomena occurring with time over the catalysts and on the deactivation kinetics under the adopted experimental conditions.
Coke accumulation at high temperature is the main reason of catalyst deactivation.
The most probably reason of catalysts deactivation is coke formation, which amount, calculated on the base of DTG-DTA data, was 7% for Red-Fe4.0SiBEA, 20% for Red-C-Fe10SiBEA and 35% for Red-C-Fe20SiBEA.
Electro-oxidation of glucose and fructose on PtRu/C catalyst are studied using cyclic voltammetry in alkaline medium to study the reason for deactivation of glucose fuel cell.
Hypotheses are discussed concerning the reasons of the deactivation or the stability of the catalysts.
Aimed at the reasons of the deactivation, an improved catalyst was obtained by the complexing agent-assisted sol gel method.
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