To do so is to acknowledge a certain absurdity to existence: though reason and value have a foothold in the world (they are not, after all, my arbitrary invention), they nevertheless lack any ultimate foundation.
An early critic of Williams is E. J. Bond in his book Reason and Value (1983) where he urges, echoing Frankena's earlier critique of internalism, that Williams' argument is undermined if we distinguish clearly between what he calls motivating reasons and grounding reasons.
Educating children towards a culture of peace is accepting the life challenges of committing our reason and values to the service of humankind while living with tolerance, respect and justice.
All human groups seem to have moralities: imperative norms of behavior backed by reasons and values.
Because the MacCAT-T is not designed to incorporate such data on reasons and values, it predicts that the subjects are capable to refuse treatment, even though, in Tan's view, her own evidence suggests the opposite.
Rational criticism of this kind apparently presupposes that there are objective reasons and values, providing standards for assessment of ends that are independent from psychological facts about what people happen to be motivated to pursue.
Beginning in 1862, my relatives and Oneida's other Bible Communists — their term — built the Mansion House as a bricks-and-mortar embodiment of their secular ideals, which proved more enduring than their religious beliefs: an openness to new ideas, a constant striving for self-improvement, the primacy of reason and the value of curiosity.
As the exhibition also emphasizes, he was a man of the Enlightenment represented by his books (Homer, Livy, Shakespeare), his scientific apparatus (including a telescope) and his devotion to the powers of reason and the value of skepticism (his inkwell here is in the shape of Voltaire's head).
Therefore, there is no reason and no value to invoking supernatural explanations for topics that science has not yet addressed or elucidated.
For Winder, Free Imperial Cities such as Nuremberg are "the real heroes of Germany", pairing "toy-town geniality" with reason and cosmopolitan values: promising side roads that came to an dead end in 1933.
It advocates piecemeal, moderate reform, which follows from its scepticism concerning reason, and its valuing of experience concerning human affairs.
