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A casual model is also called realizable model, as it seems to be all those real physical systems.
Turbulence is taken into account via the k ε realizable model whereas the surface-to-surface model simulates the radiation.
The realizable model proposed by Shih [11] was developed to repair this deficiency and addresses as such an issue that is of primary importance in our study.
The k ε realizable model is used as the turbulence model, where k is turbulent kinetic energy and ε is dissipation rate of k; and the flow fields near the wall surface are solved through scalable function.
Given the same reward environment, there is at least one physically realizable model that forages substantially better than the monkeys.
By using TCMC to recompute thermodynamically feasible values for the kinetic parameters, we can construct a physically realizable model whose dynamics are expected to reflect the true behavior of EGF/ERK signaling more accurately than the dynamics produced by the published model.
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The k-ε Standard and k-ε Realizable models exhibit the best agreement with the experimental data, while the standard k-ω model gives more inadequate results for the investigated configurations.
Among the two-equation models, the realizable k ε model and Menter׳s k ω model performed better than the standard k ε model, while a cubic k ε model predicted unphysical, negative normal Reynolds stresses.
The commonly industrially adopted steady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes turbulence models are the realizable k−ε model and Menter's shear stress transport k−ω model.
The realizable k ε model was the only model able to provide the correct trend for the concentration distribution in the lower region between the two buildings; however, none of the models reproduced the trend in the upper regions.
The realizable turbulence model was chosen as the viscous model to treat the fluid flow with large bending curvature wall.
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