Although these treatments have been shown to increase the average fatigue lives of welded details under constant amplitude loading conditions in a number of studies, concerns exist regarding their reliability, in particular under realistic, variable amplitude loading conditions.
An essential element of the airframe design and certification process is the full-scale fatigue test, where an airframe is subjected to realistic variable amplitude loads which are representative of those predicted to occur over the life-of-type.
With this in mind, the effect of post-weld treatment on the fatigue performance of tubular truss bridges is assessed herein using a previously developed probabilistic, fracture mechanics-based model, modified to analyze entire bridge structures under realistic, variable amplitude loading conditions.
While the fixed lifespan blood vessel model is not biologically realistic, it allows us to interpret the results from the more realistic variable lifespan blood vessel model.
Although some experimental exposures of humans to DEE have used engines operated on realistic variable-duty cycles (e.g., Barath et al. 2010), most have used engines operated in steady-state modes.
Mangroves may in certain circumstances offer limited protection from tsunamis; some models using realistic forest variables suggest significant reduction in tsunami wave flow pressure for forests at least 100 m in width.
We then consider traveling waves in a more realistic two-variable model (the Li Rinzel model).
We argue that the experimental data sets of Kd/Ki or other bioactivity measurements provide more realistic response variable for the prediction problem in terms of representing the whole spectrum of interaction affinities, including both true-positive and -negative interactions.
Such isolation techniques, of course, require a mathematical model that has sufficient complexity to contain a realistic number of variables.
However, if clinical trials are designed such that sufficient sample sizes and study durations are combined with realistic clinical outcome variables, appropriate conclusions may be reached.
