What has been termed "real time regulation" [ 36] is a surefire indicator of the growing importance of the "hypothesis-testing" phase.
Various methods of real-time regulations related to DGs and ESSs have been proposed in literatures.
Real-time regulation of traffic will optimise the performance of the network, with trains running in succession within an adjacent movable safety zone.
Ideally, controllable devices including ESSs, DGs, and the VSCs connecting AC and DC lines should be considered together to generate optimal real-time regulation strategies for the hybrid AC/DC distribution networks.
Then, to realize the real-time regulation of the hydrogen production, the manipulated input and controlled output are chosen to be the outer reforming tube wall temperature profile and ¯xoutletH2 respectively.
On the other hand, driven by the real-time regulation price, the actual load shedding amounts does not necessary to strictly follow the bids, where the deviations can make the TCL aggregator save imbalance costs or make profits from the regulation market.
The simulation results show that the aggregated TCLs have the flexibility to help the TCL aggregator mitigate the imbalance cost risk in the real-time regulation market, and also validate the proposed TCL clustering strategy and thermal comfort model can well control the users' thermal comfort.
Optimal real-time regulation of flows and in-line storage in combined sewer systems is challenging due to the need for complex optimization models integrated with urban stormwater runoff prediction and fully dynamic routing of sewer flows within 5 15 min computational time increments.
