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"There are some situations that are very clear-cut, and that's when we talk about real misconduct.... Everything else, every scientist needs to use their best judgment," says Kathleen Flint of the U.S. National Postdoctoral Association in Washington, D.C., which has been pushing to fill in a gap in training postdocs in the responsible conduct of research.
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We aren't acting recklessly, or operating in the gray areas, but rather bringing cases involving real frauds and misconduct and returning funds to victims.
In a later submission to Pollard's inquiry, Entwistle said Vaughan-Barratt and Younghusband would have told him if they had "real suspicions of misconduct" about Savile.
The glib answer is always "not enough politicians resign for such reasons" – as distinct from being one of a steady trickle of ministers and MPs forced out by errors or personal misconduct, real or cooked up by Fleet Street.
This significantly underestimates the real frequency of misconduct, because data fabrication and falsification are rarely reported by whistleblowers (see Results), and are very hard to detect in the data [10].
Women know how hard it is to connect male misconduct to real consequences.
Mr Hancock is accused by the woman - known in media reports of the case as Annie, which is not her real name - of misconduct.
You should be able to identify and manage research misconduct and real or perceived conflicts of interest when you encounter them.
They involve misconduct - real or alleged - that runs counter to established moral norms.
Below it will be argued that, while surveys asking about colleagues are hard to interpret conclusively, self-reports systematically underestimate the real frequency of scientific misconduct.
"It's great to have penalties for misconduct, but the real solution is to catch these things before they happen," he said.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com