There is a direct physical interpretation of the extra variablesbased on a measurement model in which there are twice as many readout channels forthe canonical phase space variable [16].
We show below that the equivalency between the optical and enzymatic readouts also extends to all other variables tested, such as chemical substitution in the ADP cofactor and addition of thiophilic metal ions in the presence of an ADP isostere, ADPβS.
Using numerical simulations, we have also shown that in the optimum condition, the device readout parameters behave smoothly against the design variables.
In addition, the number of donors included in each test, the time of incubation with the virus and the readout of the assay were all major variables amongst the different laboratories.
For signal readout, a fast sampling trajectory based on variable density spiral readout is applied and spatial undersampling used to speed-up measurement times.
A 180° pulse (15.6 ms) was followed by a variable relaxation delay (d2) and a readout pulse.
We describe the use of soft lithography to fabricate a phantom that combines the advantages of embossed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) structures (e.g., rapid prototyping, variable optical properties) with the simple readout characteristics of the AFTC.
Finally, the variety of different experimental designs and readout methods (e.g., microarrays vs. sequencing) comprise additional variables.
Unlike gene expression, which is liable to the influence of many confounding variables, genomic scars offer a comparatively stable readout of a tumor's lifetime DNA damage repair competency, including the impact of HR inactivation where constructed to do so.
This requires the identification of a quantitative model describing the readout y as a function f depending on multivariate input variables x ̲ : y = f ( x ̲ ), y ∈ ℜ, x ̲ ∈ ℜ n, n ≫ 1.
