The extent of SMUG1's contribution (always much less than that of UNG) differs according to the readout measured but it is clear that class switching strongly depends on SMUG1 in the absence of UNG.
Other dash readouts measure G-force and record zero-to-60-mph sprints.
A major difference to the previously described approach using the dependency matrix is that, in the latter, all experimental observations are treated independently, while here, the response of several readouts measured in the same experiment must be consistent to each other.
(b) Time-resolved fluorescence waveforms as a readout to measure FRET between GFP-SERCA2a and RFP-PLB.
Given the highest degree of labeling in the cholesterol m+2 isotopomer, we used it as an assay readout to measure the extent of SQLE inhibition.
Here, we use a newly developed tool, force sensors with optical readout, to measure the forces inside short, strained loops composed of both dsDNA and single-stranded DNA.
Here, we have applied the NanoString platform of fluorescent barcodes and digital readout to measure RNA levels of 577 OR genes in a single reaction, with probes designed against coding sequences.
Firstly, lack of B7-1 expressinn in resting T cells and high level expression of B7-1 in the pMVs allow us to employ B7-1 mAb staining of T cells as a readout to measure the extent of pMV-absorption by T cells with low background and high sensitivity (Figure 1A and Supplementary Figure S2A).
The MEPM RNA-seq data provide a transcriptional signature for this crosstalk, offering an additional readout to measure activation of these pathways.
In addition, islet-antigen specific CD8 T cells were exploited as responder T cells, and antigen-specific lysis of islet cells was used as a readout to measure the inhibitory function of Treg cells.
