The crystallographic measurement requirements at synchrotron sources are met through a high spatial resolution (2048×1536 pixel array), high dynamic range (∼105), a fast readout (∼1 s), low noise (<10e−) and much reduced parallax error.
Target detection could thus be implemented and output within several microseconds after the time at which the last row of the target is acquired through pixel readout (t4 in Figure 1a1) regardless of the completion of the whole image readout.
Furthermore, if the target is located in the very first row of the image, there would be an additional several tens of milliseconds of time advance in target detection given the redundant waiting time for pixel readout (Tread≈42 ms with a megapixel image sensor and a 25 MHz readout clock) before image processing in the traditional image readout-processing series structure in Figure 1a2.
Moreover, it allows a partial readout (4, 8 or 12 bits) with corresponding frame rates up to 24, 12 and 8 kHz.
There are 512 channels per module read out by four Fermilab Silicon Strip Readout (FSSR2) chips featuring data driven architecture, mounted on a rigid-flex hybrid.
In this chip, named sparsified digital readout (SDR0), for the first time we implemented a sparsification logic at the pixel level.
SEMAC uses a slice selection gradient for excitation and a view-angle tilting (VAT) compensation gradient for readout [24].
The readout process of ferroelectric probe memory apparently requires an erasing of the previously written data, which is known as "destructive readout" [58].
In order to overcome the adverse effects of the destructive readout, several non-destructive readout methods have been recently proposed including piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) readout [73 75] and scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM) readout [64, 76 78].
After irradiation and subsequent (within 1 h) optical-CT readout at the remote institution, the dosimeters were shipped back to the base institution for remote dosimetry readout 3 days postirradiation.
