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An emphasis on the arts' utility in the quest to reach math and reading benchmarks may seem politically smart, but the science it rests on turns out to be shaky.
On average, Pre-K attendees were meeting reading benchmarks in the beginning and middle of first grade, while the no-preschool group was reading below the benchmarks during both time points.
The positive results come in a year when groups of parents around the country have rallied against the Common Core State Standards, a new set of math and reading benchmarks designed to make sure kids around the country are on the same track.
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(Keep reading about benchmarks in Benchmark Your Returns With Indexes).
In fact, slightly more Pre-K students are reading above benchmark than on benchmark.
"There are no books you can read, no benchmarks to refer to.
For each sequence we determined the number of repeat-induced gaps at a number of read length benchmarks.
On average, children attending a district-run universal public Pre-K program in a mixed-urban city in the United States were meeting expected literacy benchmarks in first grade, regardless of income or other risk factors, but children with no preschool experience were reading below expected benchmarks.
Twice as many Pre-K attendees were also reading above expected benchmarks in first grade compared to students in the no-preschool group.
Figure 1 shows fall reading scores aggregated by benchmark expectations: below benchmark, at benchmark, or above benchmark.
Benchmarks: Applies reading skills and strategies to a variety of informational texts; Knows the defining characteristics of a variety of informational texts (CTSS – 'english', '9-12', '7') This lesson plan may be used to address the academic standards listed above.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com