This is an antioxidant enzyme that uses its cysteine residues to breakdown reactive oxygen species (ROS) and found to have chaperone activity as well, when the cell is under stressful conditions [ 93].
The number of active badger setts (both on the land parcels and outside but within 500 m) as well as the number of cattle herds within 500 m of the land parcels were the best individual predictors of the time to first confirmed bTB breakdown for reactive herds [Supplementary Information S1].
The redox status of the cell is determined by the balance between the rates of production and breakdown of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS; RNS [5], such as superoxide anion (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH), nitric oxide (NO) and hypochlorus acid (HOCl)[6].
The density of active badger setts (both on the land parcels and outside but within 500 m) as well as the number of cattle herds within 500 m of the land parcels were the best individual predictors of the probability of a confirmed bTB breakdown for reactive herds [Supplementary Information S1].
These include genes predicted to encode proteins involved in the breakdown of reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., SG0017, SG0642, SG1609 and SG2101), repair of oxidatively damaged cellular components (SG1106 and SG1348), transport of iron and manganese (SG1516, SG1517, SG1518 and SG1519) and protein folding (e.g., SG0409, SG0584, SG0692 and SG2325; Supplementary Table S2).
Leaf senescence is associated with chlorophyll breakdown and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation [ 19, 20].
It is proven that antioxidants have anti-ulcerogenic properties through neutralization of free radicals and breakdown the reactive oxygen species (ROS) chain process [ 23].
Glutathione-S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) is involved in thiol-mediated detoxification and breakdown of reactive oxygen species created by anticancer drug exposure.
This can be the consequence of either a reduced production by eNOS or, more frequently, of an increased breakdown by reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1, 2).
Indeed, a slight deregulation of the balance between the rates of production and breakdown of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) can lead to the activation of cell death pathways.
