Sentence examples for reactions to pathogens from inspiring English sources

Examples include cell-cycle-dependent transcription, the change of physiological dynamics with age, and immune reactions to pathogens.

The few available studies have focused on cell death associated with both the hypersensitive reactions to pathogens and developmental petals senescence (Del Duca et al. 2007; Della Mea et al. 2007; Dondini et al. 2001; Serafini-Fracassini et al. 2002).

The final version of the manuscript was prepared by the corresponding author and has been approved by all authors.> A formal definition of sepsis has long been tried by several researchers and must lack specificity given the broad spectrum of reactions to pathogens.

Same trend was also observed in the non-treated variants, which might indicate the induction of endogenous defense reactions to pathogen infection in wheat seedlings.

Although promising, the therapeutic manipulation of the TREM-1 signalling pathway still warrants further studies, particularly in assessing whether such modulation does not bypass important steps in the physiological reaction to pathogens.

Activation of MAPK cascades is an essential step to induce defence reactions in response to pathogen attack.

These genes were proved to be related to either IAA effects or plant reactions in response to pathogen exposure by previous studies.

Enhanced reaction of T39-treated plants included induction of genes related to response to stimulus and response to stress categories, suggesting improvement of signalling pathways and activation of defence reactions in response to pathogen inoculation.

The up-regulation of PTI-related genes at 0 hai could potentiate the immune reaction to pathogen attack.

In plants, HIR (Hypersensitive Induced Reaction) proteins, members of the PID Proliferationn, Ion and Death) superfamily, have been shown to play a part in the development of spontaneous hypersensitive response lesions in leaves, in reaction to pathogen attacks.

This hormone is a major regulator of the plant's reaction to pathogen attack [ 40] and via the action of a group of ethylene responsive factors it modulates the expression of plant defence-related genes such as, for example, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, hydroxylproline-rich glycoprotein and acid class II chitinase [ 41, 42].