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They recommended using one of four standard questionnaires (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire, Tinnitus Reactions Questionnaire or Tinnitus Questionnaire) as an outcome instrument in therapeutic trials, although most were developed for intake assessment.
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✓ PERQ (Parent Emotional Reaction Questionnaire; [ 108]).
PERQ = Parental Emotional Reaction Questionnaire, CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies.
The parents' emotional reactions were measured using the Parental Emotional Reaction Questionnaire (PERQ), and their depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).
Internal consistency ranges from alpha 0.79 to 0.90 and validity from 0.53 to 0.72 [ 107 ]. ✓ PERQ (Parent Emotional Reaction Questionnaire; [ 108 ]).
Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (ASR-Q) [ 8, 28] and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PTSD-Q)[ 9] were developed converting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for these disorders into questions in English language which were then translated into Urdu.
It was recommended, among other validated questionnaires, such as Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) [ 4], Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ) [ 16], and Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ) [ 17], in a consensus document of the Tinnitus Research Initiative TRII) to be used as an outcome measurement in clinical trials [ 13].
For example, authors of a Cochrane review of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for tinnitus included QoL as an outcome [ 29], which was assessed in four trials using the Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire, in one trial the Tinnitus Questionnaire, and in one trial the Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire.
TF-CBT: Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy; TAU: Therapy as usual; PTS symptoms: Post-traumatic stress symptoms; PERQ: Parental emotional reaction questionnaire; CES-D: Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale; CAPS-CA: Clinician-administered ptsd scale for children and adolescents; MFQ: Mood and feelings questionnaire.
CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, PERQ = Total scale of Parental Emotional Reaction Questionnaire. a = the relationship between the IV and the M, b = the relationship between the M and the DV, c' = the relationship between the IV and DV, while controlling for the M, Total indirect: The indirect effect of the M on the relationship between IV and D. IV = Group.
The subjects' elevated physiological reactions and questionnaire responses suggested high stress levels, indicating that humans can relate not only to real [26] but also to virtual pain.
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