Paul Adams, a political science professor at Carleton University, says parties advertise direct messages through the ethnic press in order to reach constituencies that are cut off from the mainstream media.
At the party offices here in Dar es Salaam the other day, a fleet of motorcycles used for reaching isolated constituencies in villages accessible only by dirt road sat parked out back.
In that and subsequent violence, the attackers seemed to be succeeding in reaching a constituency that among other things wants to remove a ruling family it sees as American stooges.
Whether Europe can reach across constituencies to create consensus, however, has been an open, and suddenly pressing, question.
Some organizations have created their own press agencies in Western Europe, while Dutch politicians of Turkish origin make use of Turkish TV to reach their constituencies via satellite.
The seminary seeks to achieve this mission by expanding through distance-learning technology and online classes to reach new constituencies.
By reducing the number of electors at each level, the need for campaign financing to reach large constituencies would diminish almost completely.
These institutions should do better at reaching out to constituencies across the global community.
"Relational organizing," or the practice of asking volunteers to speak specifically to voters they know, is the most effective type of voter contact we know of for reaching critical Democratic constituencies, like young people, communities of color and working-class people.
Shreya Prudlo, a spokeswoman, said that Pfizer monitored every "communication channel" that reached its constituency, and that each needed to be "viewed based on their accuracy and integrity".
