RCT and intervention studies were included within the final review if they identified the knowledge and/or information base of the participants about epilepsy then provided an intervention such as education, or giving information about epilepsy (oral and/or written) and then evaluated the effect of the intervention, such as improved knowledge about epilepsy or improved health outcome.
On conventional criteria, GM journals clearly have more impact (i.e., circulation, citation rate) than WS journals, appear to publish articles higher up the hierarchy of evidence (i.e., RCTs and intervention studies), and thus likely publish articles of superior quality.
The design of this study will be a 4-month randomised controlled exercise intervention study (RCT) with a 16 month follow up (Trial registration: ISRCTN65346593).
This RCT is the first intervention study examining effects of vitamin D supplementation in a cohort of vitamin D deficient COPD patients.
In the analysis of SAP studies, 10 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 1 prospective intervention study with a historical control group were included (Table 2).
In Europe, there are three large ongoing RCTs: the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER), the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT), and the Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care (PreDIVA) study [ 48, 49].
The current study extends previous work by our exclusive focus on 1) randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the most rigorous intervention study design; 2) yoga interventions that included physical postures and were not part of a larger program such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction; and 3) a focus on both physical and psychosocial outcomes.
To be eligible for inclusion the article had to describe a study that fulfilled all of the following criteria: study design – a RCT; intervention – compared any method of elective PDT to ST; population – included critically ill adults; and outcomes – reported at least one of the measures bleeding, wound infection, mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation or ICU length of stay.
Other outcomes of interest were fear of having a fall, functional, physical performance (eg, balance or mobility), or cognitive benefits, or adherence to exercise/physical activity intervention; study design: RCTs and quasi-experimental trials.
