Little more than a rainbow mounted on a puffy white cloud, the sprinkler is designed to refract the sun's rays to create a rainbow effect in the spray.
In their paper published in the open access journal Scientific Reports, Masis et al. decided instead to use x-rays to create a 3-D digital volume of the brain.
A CT scan uses a series of X-rays to create a highly detailed image.
In 1994, Walker and his colleagues at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, United Kingdom, verified Boyer's theory by using x-rays to create an atomic-scale map of the catalytic portion of the enzyme.
The researchers mapped these with high-powered X-ray beams to create a three-dimensional model of the surface of sediba's brain.
Both the normal active appearance models (AAM) and an augmented AAM developed by the authors are fitted to X-ray videos to create a holistic model for all anatomical landmarks with a probabilistic framework.
The team combined a rheometer, which measures the viscosity of the liquid, with X-ray characterization to create a unique instrument that can understand the structure of particles when they are moving in real time.
They analyzed the bio-mechanics of how stresses and strains would be distributed along the claws and into the limbs, using X-ray imaging to create a three-dimensional contour map of a forelimb claw from Velociraptor.
To achieve this, the light energy captured by pigment molecules is transferred to other pigment molecules so that the energy is funneled towards the center of photosystem I. Mazor et al. used a technique called X-ray crystallography to create a very detailed three-dimensional model of photosystem I and LHCI from pea plants.
As they streak through the atmosphere, the rays are thought to create a pathway that allows the electrical charge built up in storm clouds to reach the ground.
