(i) Monthly raw (risk-unadjusted) and risk-adjusted (RA) mortality time series at the individual ICU were generated.
The pattern of the raw risks, strongly influenced by the size of the population at risk, leads to a noisy and blurred picture of the true unobserved risks.
However, although raw risks can produce "noisy" maps that are difficult to interpret, oversmoothed maps may produce a homogeneous risk surface, masking the true risk distribution.
The main characteristic of all these models is to provide some shrinkage and spatial smoothing of the raw relative risk estimates that otherwise would be computed separately in each area.
Fourth, due to the deficient adjusted data, we computed raw relative risks (RRs) from frequency distributions reported in the original publications, so our analyses are not adjusted for the main risk factors of both skin cancer and haematological malignancies.
I remember in the days following Curiosity's landing the project scientist John Grotzinger being asked if the dump of raw images risked his team being scooped on discoveries.
Streep's nuanced portrayal shows an ordinary woman who, through fate, circumstance and a streak of raw defiance, risks her life to attempt something extraordinary.
Streep's nuanced portrayal shows an ordinary woman who, through fate, circumstance and a streak of raw defiance, risks her life for a cause bigger than herself.
The RIF performs empirical Bayes smoothing of the raw relative risks to account for sampling variability in the observed data.
Tables 3 and 4 present raw data on risk perception and sense of place.
