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The prize committee said these findings showed that markets were moved by a mix of rational calculus and irrational behavior.
Still, a rational calculus of risk matters for those, like O'Hara's conservative, who would base policy on risk-aversion.
Todorov wondered whether that judgment was made on the basis of intuitive responses to basic facial features rather than on any deep, rational calculus.
Slate has a provocative analysis concluding that the country has massively overspent on homeland security (which of course doesn't account for Paul Slovic's work on how the "feeling of risk," not rational calculus, dominates how humans react to threats).
Crazy, desperate, violent people don't make rational calculus in regards to their lives.
In an attempt to realize Leibniz's ideas for a language of thought and a rational calculus, Frege developed a formal notation for regimenting thought and reasoning.
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The dominant view espouses a deliberative trust formation process whereby shoppers evaluate security certificates, return policies, user feedback and the like, implying a highly rational underlying trust calculus.
Human ethical behavior is therefore grounded in a natural property, and ethical action can occur without moral calculus or rational deliberation.
This resulted in the rise of a new probabilistic paradigm (Oaksford and Chater (2007), Pfeifer and Douven (2014)) where probability theory provides a calculus for rational belief update.
The first sort of neo-historicism is historically informed Bayesianism, which attempts to capture historicist insights by employing the well-developed formalism of the probability calculus to model rational confidence and inference.
Whether or not beliefs merely ground or are defined in terms of preference, there is a further question as to whether the only justification for the claim that rational belief satisfies the probability calculus is a pragmatic one, i.e., an argument resting on there being otherwise bad consequences in terms of preferences and implied choice behaviour.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com