For the unacceptable torque reactions across the three tool configurations, the ratio of hand moment impulse over tool torque impulse was significantly greater than for the acceptable reactions.
Table 5 Physical properties of forearm and hand Symbol Detail Property a.u. COG f Proportion of COG of forearm 0.415 λ f Mass ratio of forearm 0.016 a f Radius of gyration of forearm 0.115 COG h Proportion of COG of hand 0.891 λ h Mass ratio of hand 0.006 a h Radius of gyration of hand 0.314.
7– 14 Overall, studies show either a 2 1 or 3 1 ratio of hand and foot metastases.
Reports from Hebei in 1988 [ 10] and Taiyuan in 2004 [ 39], and a cooperative Chinese-American study of hand OA (the ratio of hand OA prevalence in China to that in the USA was 0.25%, after adjustment for age) [ 33], further enhanced the impression that the prevalence of hand OA was indeed lower in Chinese than in Caucasians.
Participants' second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D ratio) of both hands were measured as a proxy of prenatal hormonal influence (Breedlove, 2010), using an electronic vernier caliper (Supplementary material).
Finger length ratio of the hand radiographs was assessed both visually and with exact measurement of the finger lengths.
A distribution representing the residue skin transfer efficiency parameter was derived as the ratio of the hand-rinse results to the wood-block residue (cloth wipe) results.
A grip strength (score out of 40) was determined as a ratio of the uninjured hand with the injured hand and adjusting for dominance.
The ROC analysis indicates highest diagnostic accuracy of the 2D∶4D ratio of the right hand in males (AUC 0.725, sensitivity 0.667, specificity 0.723), followed by males' left hand (AUC 0.667, sensitivity 0.529, specificity 0.759), females' right hand (AUC 0.650, sensitivity 0.864, specificity 0.392) and females' left hand (AUC 0.570, sensitivity 0.886, specificity 0.265).
After measuring the fingers of 48 male medical students using callipers accurate to 0.2 millimetres, they concluded that students with a slightly lower 2D:4D ratio of the right hand (although, confusingly, it is not quite clear whether this means the fingers are more similar or different in length) are more likely to be successful.
