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An overlapping region (sites 241 290) seems under positive selection by calculating the ratio of divergence in nonsynonymous to synonymous sites (K a)/K s) = 2.22) between E. granulosus sensu lato and E. multilocularis.
All species clusters had nearly maximal bootstrap support (99%), and the ratio of divergence among species to the diversity within-species (demarcation parameter [34], Table 1) was high for all pairwise comparisons (e.g., range 7.9 to 18 within the Acb complex).
Comparatively, the ratio of divergence we observed among P. falciparum-P.
The ratio of divergence at nonsynonymous and synonymous site (d N/d S ratio) of the branch was estimated to be 6.24.
Selection on U->P and P->U mutations is expected to alter the ratio of divergence to polymorphism (D/P, Akashi 1995).
We also show that the ratio of divergence at nonsynonymous to synonymous sites estimated using intra- and interspecific comparisons vary up to nine times, which corroborates our results independent of calibration times.
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We next compared evolutionary rates by analyzing the ratios of divergence relative with diversity (D) of NEX and ENDEX genes.
Nevertheless, since our interest was in determining the relative ratios of divergence times of WDV, BDV and ODV from MSV, of ODV from WDV and BDV, and of WDV from BDV, the number was used to obtain divergence time estimates with MEGA software [ 52].
The test compares ratios of divergence-to-polymorphism at the test sites (nonsynonymous or intergenic) to those at synonymous sites and provides evidence for adaptive evolution when there is a relative excess of divergence at the test sites, which is consistent with recurrent selective sweeps since the time of speciation.
These duplicated genes in the grain sorghum experienced higher ratio of expression divergence when compared with those in the sweet sorghum.
For each pair of conspecific populations, we computed the ratio of sequence divergence (%SD) estimated from a 540 bp region of cytochrome b, to great circle distance (km) between samples.
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