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If var(f) is the variance of each effect (here, natural logarithm of odds ratio) in a study and var(r) is the random effects variance, then in fixed effects calculations, each study is weighted by 1/var(f), while in random effects calculations each study is weighted by 1/[var(f)+var(r)].
Sayli (97) found a slightly lower sex ratio in a study of three generations of offspring born to families living near a large borate deposit in Turkey.
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This is in agreement with the ratio reported in a study assessing the influence of gender on the development of paediatric renal stones [ 3].
In the present analysis, CA9 was positive in CNB specimens from 47 (46%) of 102 patients, similar to the ratio in a previous study [ 46].
However, Maconochie and colleagues (82) did not find an association between exposure and the sex ratio in a larger study of more than 46,000 workers in the UK nuclear industry between 1937 and 1996.
†Model 1 adjusted for age, smoking, parental possessions and education Model 2 additionally adjusted for body mass index and waist-hip ratio In a large study from an understudied non-western developing population, we found that a marker of early life conditions, i.e., recalled childhood meat eating, had sex-specific associations with some inflammatory markers.
The intra-class correlation coefficient (Donner, 1986) was used to assess the temporal reliability of the oestrogen metabolites and their ratio in a pilot study where oestrogen metabolites were measured in three serum samples collected at approximately yearly intervals in 30 NYUWHS participants postmenopausal at blood donation and free of cancer at latest follow-up.
Fig. 2 PaO2/FiO2 ratio in all study phases.
Considerable heterogeneity exists at any threshold for which two or more studies provide evidence, so the performance of protein to creatinine ratio in an individual study setting may be somewhat different from the summary results presented here.
This heterogeneity may cause the performance of protein to creatinine ratio in an individual study setting to be somewhat different from the summary "average" results presented here (table 1). Figure 3 shows the summary receiver operating characteristics curve for the constrained estimates.
This statistical model estimates directly the PR and 95% CI as better alternative for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies with binary outcomes, because using odds ratio in a cross-sectional study would overestimate the risk ratio (or PR) when the outcome of interest is common (>10%) [ 30].
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