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Cells were perfused with a graded series of caffeine concentrations in imaging buffer using a Valvebank 8-channel perfusion system (Automate Scientific, Berkeley, CA) and changes in intracellular Ca2+ were recorded as changes in Fura-2 fluorescence ratio (Emission = 510 nm) when the cells were alternately excited at 340 and 380 nm at 60 Hz.
They determined that an "initial concentration of viable bacteria in the assay" of 50% leads to different "ratio emission vital/emission dead bacteria" values of about 9.5, 6.5 or 8.0 in their NaCl-control samples.
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Changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ were measured by emission at 510 nm (Fluo-4) or ratioing emission at 510 nm with excitation pair 340/380 nm (Fura-2) (Fessenden et al. 2003).
LGIC agonist responses were measured with CNiFERs by monitoring TN-XXL FRET ratios, emissions of citrine cp174 (527 nm) to eCFP (485 nm), over 120 seconds with agonist injections occurring at the 30 second time-point.
Activity is calculated as the ratio of emission of acceptor XL-665 (665 nm) to emission of the donor cryptate (620 nm) X 10,000.
Data were analyzed by calculating the FRET ratio (acceptor emission at 610 nm divided by donor emission at 515 nm).
Excitation ratio and emission wavelengths were 340/380 and 505 nm, respectively.
As the ratio increases, emission currents of CNT array cathodes decrease due to screening effects.
The β is the ratio of emission signals when excited at 380 nm during determination of Rmin and Rmax, respectively.
The influence of diversity morphology on the R/O ratio and emission intensity has been also investigated.
Results were expressed as a ratio: lipids emission to proteins absorbance.
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