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In a simple tension test, the elastic response of materials such as steel and bone is typified by a linear relationship between the tensile stress (tension or stretching force per unit area of cross section of the material), σ, and the extension ratio (difference between extended and initial lengths divided by the initial length), e.
Based on the analytic solution of temperature difference and humidity ratio difference between air and solution, minimum entransy dissipation is determined when the states of inlet air and solution lie on the same iso-relative humidity line.
"The problem with xenon gases is that 10 to 20 hours after the detonation, it gets extremely difficult to tell their ratio difference between a plutonium and atomic bomb," said a nuclear scientist affiliated with the South Korean military, speaking on the condition of anonymity because he was not allowed to talk on the record.
The 'signature' of this analog magnitude system is its ratio dependence: that is, the difficulty in comparing two analog magnitudes decreases as the ratio difference between them grows.
The raw spectra in Fig. 5d show similar features except the ratio difference between the Se and Mo peaks between 80 and 90 keV.
This equation computes the aspect ratio difference between the extracted silhouette and stored silhouettes one by one and then returns the minimum difference value.
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From the current analysis, we conclude that contingency tables and, preferably, calculation of ratio differences between two platforms should be used to compare gene expression profiles from different platforms.
Tibial aspect ratio differences between Chinese and white males (1.82 ± 0.07 vs 1.75 ± 0.11), though significant, were likely a reflection of differences in knee size between races.
To map pictures, we try every ordering of pictures on the page to minimize the wasted space by aspect ratio differences between the pictures and their placeholders, since no automatic cropping or non-proportional scaling is performed.
The placement error for a rectangular picture p having aspect ratio Δ p in a rectangular placeholder c with aspect ratio Δ c and area A c is (3) which penalizes aspect ratio differences between a picture and its placeholder, proportionally to the area of the placeholder.
Also closer inspection of Table 3 reveals gender ratio differences between the classes, particularly between Classes 1 and 2. As a concurrent validation of the LCCA classification we used survival duration as an external criterion of clinical relevance.
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