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Another measure to reduce the risk of selection bias was the use of predesigned forms containing rating and selection criteria during systematic consensus processes.
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For simplicity, we assumed that all of the selected loci have the same mutation rate and selection coefficient.
Explicit equations based on first-order chlorine decay can provide very useful decision-making tool to justify the chlorine mass injection rate and selection of booster chlorination strategy.
Reduced row spacing, increased seeding rates, and selection of competitive cultivars can potentially manage crop weed competition in cotton, soybean, wheat, and corn.
We determine how the maximum amount of gene flow that admits preservation of the locally adapted haplotype, hence of polymorphism at both loci, depends on recombination rate and selection coefficients.
The two disputed issues are the baseline mortality rates and selection of representative areas for sampling used by the IRC.
In this paper we presented an approach that in addition to validity points to the importance of the base rate and selection rate for determining the utility of peer review for editors' publication decisions.
The importance of the base rate and selection rate in assessment of a selection process was established by Taylor and Russell [13] in a paper titled, "The relationship of validity coefficients to the practical effectiveness of tests in selection: Discussion and tables".
We applied this model to the derived allele frequency distributions of all categories of TFBS and synonymous sites, yielding maximum-likelihood estimates of the mutation rate and selection pressure.
We limited our sampling of mammalian mtDNAs almost exclusively to primates (and Bos taurus) because we were particularly interested in obtaining precise comparative estimates of mutation rates and selection pressures that may otherwise become unreliable when sampling is overly sparse.
Thus, paradoxically, exploitation rate and selection were inversely related.
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