Another limitation is that the use of genes from the addiction/alcoholism array represents hypotheses about important genes, as selected by expert review, rather than selection from empirical association data.
Selecting the right coating is a process of elimination rather than selection.
If mutation, rather than selection, really limited evolutionary change, this should be true for artificial no less than natural selection.
The law appears designed to propagate the ruling elite, where those in power nominate the candidates rather than selection by the people.
He takes particular aim at the 16th Amendment, which gives the federal government the power to levy an income tax, and the 17th Amendment, which allows for popular elections of senators rather than selection by state lawmakers.
A vast amount of studies prefers network sampling rather than selection of experts based on popularity.
Focusing on training rather than selection, PhDs from top South African universities produce a similar quantity and quality research output to those trained by the leading universities in the developed world.
Strikingly, his example of such a regime is Sparta: presented as a case of a characteristically democratic distribution of education (among citizens only, of course) coupled with the characteristically aristocratic principle (but also a practice widely used in Greek democracies for some offices) of election to offices rather than selection by lot (IV.9).
Codon use differs between the three genotypes and appears to be driven by mutation rather than selection.
This 'isofemale' selection was essentially based on breeding values, rather than selection at the level of individual dfe flies.
Therefore, mutational characteristics, rather than selection pressures, lead to the rare occurrence and absence of certain motifs.
