Entitlements to claim basic benefits in Britain are relatively generous to newcomers because the social security system is based on means-testing, rather than the contributory principles common in other European countries, which take into account whether a claimant has previously worked and paid into the system.More inconsistencies arise in practice.
We assume that all the unemployed who decide to stay inactive will receive only the minimum unemployment subsidy, b min, rather than the contributory benefit corresponding to their individual characteristics.
Despite all these factors contributing, presence of the viral antigen in the liver (positive PCR), prominent inflammatory cells in liver, prominent damage seen in the periportal as well as zone 1 and 2 and the absence of ischaemic or necrotic changes in any of the other organs indicate that the liver damage was mainly due to the dengue virus infection rather than the other contributory causes.
An improved understanding of the precise mechanism(s) of C. pneumoniae involvement in atherogenesis may help resolve the question of causality however, at the present time, we interpret the data as favoring a contributory rather than a causal role.
He told BBC Radio 4's PM programme he wanted to remain in the union but hoped that Mr Cameron's negotiation would "make some difference in this migration issue, particularly in relation to welfare, making sure that it is contributory rather than there as of right".
Secondly, mortality data may substantially underestimate COPD as a cause of death by citing COPD as a contributory, rather than an underlying, cause of death, or by not citing COPD at all on death certificates.
Various risk factors for CIN, such as pre-existing renal impairment, dehydration, diabetes mellitus (independently or with associated renal disease) and advanced congestive heart failure have been identified [ 8, 10, 16, 17, 20, 21] and thus, contrast agents may be contributory rather than causative in CIN.
Consistent with a contributory rather than direct causative role, deletion of the IL-6 gene in mice attenuates sensitivity to the depressing effects of LPS and IL-1 on social exploration and body weight (Bluthe et al., 2000) and using soluble gp130 (sgp130) to block IL-6 trans-signalling also reduces LPS-induced suppression of locomotor activity (Burton et al., 2013).
They also demonstrated that 23 (57%) patients did not require any ventilatory support throughout their illness, while in those who required ventilation, older age, magnesium toxicity itself and pre-existing respiratory disease, such as chronic obstructive airway disease, might have played a contributory role rather than tetanus itself.
Thus, it is possible that hepatic copper deficiency could be a contributory cause rather than a consequence of hepatic steatosis in obesity and diabetes: this state may not be caused solely by elevated dietary lipid intake or defective hepatic lipid clearance.
