Compared to existing instruments for observing non-technical skills, 3 15 30 the EPOC is distinctive as it quantifies general verbal behaviours rather than appraising context-specific behavioural markers that require clinical expertise.
17 18 There is a need for an observation method that can be used independent of context by observers without or with limited clinical expertise, and that systematically quantifies non-technical skills rather than appraises them.
Agent-relativism is a substantive view about what kinds of reasons people have, and is distinct from the semantic thesis of appraiser-relativism. Appraiser-relativism involves a relativization to the person appraising an action, rather than a relativization to the agent who might perform the action.
Thus, it may be more appropriate for busy front-line clinicians to be monitored on their use of evidence summaries rather than their frequency of searching and appraising primary research [ 30].
In order to make the task manageable in the time available, we searched for, retrieved and rapidly appraised systematic reviews (rather than original publications) sourced from the most common electronic databases (including Medline, EMBASE, Psychlit, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science and British Nursing Index) up to the end of 2009.
We therefore followed the methodology recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration for preparing "overviews of review" rather than following the steps involved in critically appraising the primary studies for a systematic review (SR) [ 14].
A stressor appraised as benign or beneficial, rather than threatening, generally produces no stress response.
Patient ineligibility may have been appraised subjectively by some GPs rather than objectively based on formal study inclusion criteria.
In the geriatrics world, frailty is more and more seen as a cumulative deficit disorder, and should thus be appraised as a continuous spectrum, rather than a dichotomized or trichotomized status[ 4].
Reflective intelligence is about being able to stand back and view the bigger picture so that you realistically appraise the situation or environment directly around you rather than forcing yourself to conform to its suitability or practicing wishful thinking.
