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These proteins occupy the cleft on antigen-presenting cells in such a way that T-cell activity is suppressed rather than activated.
However, in contrast to cell culture data, the rGH-PAL activity was substantially repressed rather than activated in 100 nM T3 concentrations (Fig. 10D-D').
Now, Herman, Huang et al. show that shining light pulses for long durations onto neurons expressing a light-activated protein called channelrhodopsin-2 causes the neurons to become silenced rather than activated.
The reality is that often change is being done to them, rather than activated by them – and scant effort has been made to demonstrate how the latest proposed changes to the health service are any different.
Customarily, much of the characterisation is told, rather than activated in scene; Tom is repeatedly referred to by name, Carine is mostly "the girl" and the father's name is unknown, as if to signify types.
To prove unequivocally that the myoblasts they produced were de-differentiated from mature muscle tissue rather than activated from the few satellite cells that accompany myofibers, the researchers genetically labeled the fused myofibers with a protein that emits green fluorescent light.
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Importantly, the MAPKKK MEKK3 had the opposite effect to LRRK protein overexpression on Wnt signaling, repressing rather than activating DVL1-mediated TOPflash activation (Fig. 2D).
Nonetheless, recent finding from Crabb and colleagues suggested that ethanol is capable of inhibiting (rather than activating) hydrogen peroxide-induced AMPK activation in hepatoma cells [23], suggesting a likely paradoxical role of AMPK in ethanol-elicited effects.
TFIIS is primarily an elongation factor and TFIIS knockdown should primarily affect the efficiency of actively transcribed genes rather than activating new pathways.
Moreover, the data indicate that it might be important for drug discovery strategies to maintain Cdk5 activity at wild-type levels, rather than activating or inactivating it excessively.
The counterintuitive observation that inhibitory FcγRIIB, rather than activating FcγRs, are required for enhancing adjuvant and anti-tumour activity of agonistic CD40 IgG1 mAbs supports this assertion (Li & Ravetch, 2011).
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