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Interestingly, common expression changes were not always monotonic (e.g., pfkA gene) over time, but were rather synchronized complex expression changes on a much longer time-scale than the generation time observed.
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It should be noted that because we performed staining on tissue sections, rather than synchronized cells in culture, we were only able to detect a percentage of the cells that extended primary cilia during these stages (Fig. 2E,F).
However, coupling among oscillators is not, in general, sufficient to achieve synchronization, and many ensembles of coupled oscillators exhibit phase dispersion rather than a synchronized state either because the oscillators actively resist synchronizing [18] or because coupling is too weak or even nonexistent [19].
In general, coupling among oscillators is not sufficient to achieve synchronization, and many ensembles of coupled oscillators exhibit phase dispersion rather than a synchronized state, because the oscillators may actively resist oscillation or because the coupling is too small.
For an alternative view that stresses paracrine interactions between beta and alpha cells rather than the synchronized activity of beta cells, see [49], and also [50] [52].
Our results indicate that despite the widely distributed activity in the globus pallidus of the parkinsonian primate, movement encoding is dispersed and independent rather than correlated and synchronized, thus contradicting current views that posit synchronous activation during Parkinson's disease.
For this reason, an adequate description of the activity propagation should be in terms of time delays in a mutually synchronized network, rather than by simple triggering.
The power spectra for individual oscillators indicate that most of the power that each produces occurs within a synchronized group, rather than at that oscillator's natural frequency (Figure 3D).
Given the poor results obtained with the Markov chain model, we attempt to incorporate more plausible biology, but still within the context of a non-spatial model; namely, we reexamine assumption 3. Cells in proliferating epithelia do not divide in synchronized generations, but rather, at a given time, a few widely dispersed cells will be undergoing division.
My hunch is that the team hooked up a computer to the TVs throughout the venue so that they could accomplish this synchronized star-caressing — then, rather than rework their entire setup just to play the football game for a few hours, they opted for the easier route and looked for a stream on the web.
It is now well established that bacterial populations often consist of heterogeneous communities rather than genetically identical cells with synchronized gene expression profiles [49], [50], [51].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com