This relationship is even greater when high EE is associated with a rating of hostility.
Hostility was measured using the 20-item Chinese Hostility Inventory Short-Form (CHI-SF) [ 38], which contained four dimensions of hostility: (1) hostile cognition (six items, α =.78); (2) hostile affection (four items, α =.78); (3) expressive hostility (five items, α =.76); and (4) suppressive hostility (five items, α =.73).
Parent warmth and hostility was assessed using the Iowa Youth and Families Project Interaction Ratings Scales [ 23] that comprises six items of warmth and four items of hostility rated on a Likert scale of 1 to 7. Children aged 12 years and above also rated their relationship with their mothers and fathers separately.
This is one more factor in Britain's high rates of recidivism, especially with hostility from most employers.
One risk, however remote, is a return to the sort of hostility that followed record rates of immigration to America in the early part of the last century.
Those who scored high on measures of hostility experienced significantly higher rates of heart attacks and deaths over the course of 27 years.
Although both groups did not differ in prevalence rates of very severe anxiety, depression and hostility symptoms (ie, clinical level of symptoms), significant differences were found in the prevalence of severe depression symptoms (80th percentile).
The divorce rate was higher than the national average, possibly related to high levels of hostility and temper outbursts displayed by the sample.
Moreover, falling growth rates increase the hostility of middle- and lower-income voters to redistribution, fomenting resentment against the "undeserving", whether migrants or the indigenous poor.
Undertones of hostility and resentment".
There's a lot of hostility there.
