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These conditions are established by rates of activation, rates of deactivation that are set by phosphatase activities, and the presence of scaffold proteins [ 14- 16].
This latter finding suggests that salmon thrombin may not activate all of the receptors that are targets of human thrombin, although it does appear to activate signals that are sufficient to produce normal rates of activation and aggregation as measured by conventional aggregometry.
Additionally, the decrease in the rate of force activation with Ca2+ but not ATP is reflective of altered thin filament regulatory function and crossbridge recruitment during ischemia that modulates the apparent rates of activation of the actomyosin crossbridge cycle without impacting the intrinsic activity of the myosin enzyme.
Furthermore, the rates of activation for these four states are also almost the same at the very beginning (until prior awareness states pop up).
Unlike the other activation strategies attempted, ionomycin followed by bohemine resulted in similar rates of activation for both parthenogenic and reconstructed embryos.
In summary modelling suggests that, even if ERK1 and 2 are subjected to identical rates of activation and inactivation, ERK2 maintains better its state of phosphorylation because of its faster nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling.
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In the Cdc42 cycle, the level of Gβγ affects the rate of activation of Cdc42 (C42) to its active form (C42a) through a cooperative Hill term (k0 term).
Muscle activation by photolytic release of Ca2+ and ATP suggested that the altered contractility was best described as a reduction in the rate of activation of noncycling actomyosin crossbridges to activated, cycling states.
It has been established that the active form increases its own rate of activation via various self-recruitment mechanisms (Raftopoulou and Hall 2004; Li et al. 2003).
The rate of activation will depend on the concentration of the activating electrophile and the receptor target.
We remark that here f is not the rate of activation of one neuron.
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