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Most air water flow properties measured with Reynolds numbers up to 1.25 × 105 could not be extrapolated to large-size prototype structures without significant scale effects in terms of bubble count rate, turbulence, bubble chord time distributions and bubble cluster characteristics.
This sequence of cycle length change has been labeled 'heart rate turbulence' (HRT).
* Post-MI or post-MI + DM patients vs group control, P < 0.05 HRT, heart rate turbulence.
HRT (heart rate turbulence) is the physiological bi-phasic response of the sinus node to PVCs (premature ventricular contractions) [ 6].
CI: confidence intervals; DM, diabetes mellitus; LVEF, left ventricular injection fraction; HRT, heart rate turbulence; TWA, T-wave alternans; TWA + HRT, TWA combined with HRT.
Heart rate turbulence (HRT) and deceleration capacity (DC) were analyzed using programs adopted from Bauer et al. (2006) and from Schmidt et al. (1999).
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Renewed exchange-rate turbulence could reopen a sensitive question: how should exchange rates be aligned in the run-up to eventual union?
Fluctuating velocity components, flow field length scales, energy dissipation rates, turbulence intensity modulation and energy spectra were determined.
The findings demonstrate that interFoam coupled with the standard k − ϵ turbulence model is able to estimate barrier velocities, flow rates, turbulence magnitudes and depths to accuracies acceptable for fishway design evaluation.
Moreover, at higher flow rates, turbulence generated at the catheter tip may further enhance distal gas mixing.
Second, at high catheter flow rates, turbulence generated at the tip of the catheter can enhance gas mixing in regions distal to the catheter tip, thereby contributing to CO2 removal.
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