These linguistic measures were calculated as a mean score across all the language samples produced by each child to ensure a higher rate of ecological validity because short samples are typically not reflective of developmental measures such as mean length of utterance.
However, little is known about which commonly used instruments produce the highest rates of predictive validity, and whether overall rates of predictive validity differ by gender, ethnicity, outcome, and other study characteristics.
There are many things we find interesting: how the dynamics of gossip may vary across cultures; how much gossip could be considered prosocial in nature; the decay rates of the validity of gossip as it's passed around.
Instruments produced higher rates of predictive validity in older and in predominantly White samples.
We used four outcome statistics to assess rates of predictive validity, and analyzed sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analysis and metaregression.
For example, a problem encountered during the rating of 'criterion validity' was the absence of a gold standard in health-related productivity change instruments.
Therefore, microeconomic theory suggests that ranking, which respects the ordinal property of utility, is superior to rating in terms of validity and reliability of responses.
Overall this is a very slow rate of change, lending validity to the choice of using one year of hospital bed data to represent hospital agglomeration for several years of data.
We assessed survey quality by evaluating evidence for selection bias, sample representativeness, response rate, and validity of diet assessment method.
2. Recruiting expert clinicians from professional organisations reflecting the variety of specialities in palliative care and inviting them to join a panel for a two-stage process to rate the validity of the indicators.
