Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(2)
We set the proportion of the common time change to 0.25 with a variance rate of the common time change at 3 while the independent components have a variance rate of unity.
These stresses are almost constant up to a dimensionless strain rate of unity, consistent with trends from traditional methods of shear cell testing, though fluctuations begin to increase from a dimensionless strain rate of 0.5.
Similar(57)
ε is chosen to be small compared to the maximum rate of production (unity).
Note that we normalized the substrate uptake rate to unity.
A fraction λ of the parity bits from the upper and lower constituent encoders is grouped by a parallel/serial multiplexer, interleaved by a permutation π′ and encoded by an encoder of unity rate whose output is denoted w.
The injectivity index model is defined as the flow rate per unity of the pressure drop between the injector and the reservoir.
To de-seasonalize, we have calculated a standard seasonal death rate profile, normalized to an average of unity, and then divided the death rates by this profile.
A set of phases is indexed by (a,b=1,ldots, m); the probability of starting in phase a is (nu_{a}) (meaning these parameters must sum to unity); the rate of stopping making new social contacts is (mu_{a}) for an individual in phase a; and the rate of moving from phase a to phase b is (Q_{a,b}).
Generally, we normalize the uptake rate of the chosen substrate to unity whereas all other substrate uptake rates are set to zero (the validity of this normalization approach is explained when discussing the scenarios).
The effects of solution film heat and mass transfer resistances, the variations of solution mass flow rate, non-unity values of Lewis factor and incomplete surface wetting conditions were all considered in the differential model.
Vernalization (Vf) and Pp (Pf) factors (with values between zero and unity) reduce the rate of accumulation of Tt so that exposure to short days and incomplete vernalization lead to an increase in the amount of unmodified Tt required to reach anthesis.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com