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Depending on the feedback network, this type of front-end electronics suffers from the ballistic deficit problem, or an increased rate of pulse pile-ups.
According to this relation, one can choose an appropriate bit rate of pulse stream according to runtime variance and the sensitivity required by the measurements.
This pattern is qualitatively different from the ancestral single pulse call (Fig. 2), as it is caused by a distinctly different motor pattern and it introduces an additional temporal parameter to the calls, i.e. the rate of pulse pairs.
Depending on the cut-off criteria, the false positive rate of pulse oximetry screening varied between 0.009% and 5% in these studies.
For characterizing the temporal quality of the call, we used the following parameters: the entire length of the call (CALLDUR), the rate of pulse groups divided by the length of the call (PGR), the number of pulses per pulse group (PPPGR) and the ratio of inter-pulse group intervals to inter-pulse distance (IPGRIP).
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Each curve shows the effective N or C transverse relaxation rate, R2,eff, plotted as a function of the rate of pulsing in CPMG trains (Palmer et al., 2000 ).
Because there can be long stretches of silence during a recording, song rates report how much singing occurs overall within a recording, whereas IPI reports the rate of pulsing when singing occurs.
Some studies describe a negative association between higher DBP and kidney decline 24 while others mention a positive association. 25 Our finding may be related to the conclusion that increased rates of pulse pressure are related to progression of renal impairment, 26 27 even if in our study, pulse pressure was not an independent risk factor.
Negative bias pulses with an amplitude of 1.2 kV, a pulse duration of 4 μs, and a pulse repetition rate of 105 pulses per second were applied to the grid.
A very high current ion beam with the current up to 0.475 A at bias pulse duration of 4 μs and the pulse repetition rate of 105 pulses per second was obtained.
The wing beat rate in O. nubilalis and O. scapulalis estimated from the repetition rates of pulses 1 and 2 (mean pulse interval = 9.4 ms) was 53 cycles/s.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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