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The finding of the Cochrane review and Church's meta-analysis suggested that up-front incentive payment could significantly increase the response rate of postal surveys [ 7, 9].
Our results, along with the meta-analysis of similar studies, indicate that the identifiability of completed questionnaires will lower the response rate of postal surveys by two to three percentage points.
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The use of AEC records alone to administer a postal survey was not contemplated because of the number of survey questions and low participation rates of postal surveys.
We found no previous studies of the effects of face-to-face contact with a researcher on subsequent rates of postal questionnaire return.
One of the four RCTs evaluated the effect of a monetary (cash or check), one the effect of a non-monetary incentive (pencil) on retention rates of postal questionnaires [ 2, 3].
Following the report by Cummings et al. that up to 1995, response rates of postal questionnaires of healthcare professionals remained constant at approximately 60% [ 6], Cook et al. demonstrated that by 2005 response rates in surveys of healthcare professionals had slightly declined to an average of 57.5% [ 4].
Again based in England, Roberts et al. (2004) [ 23] in an RCT to evaluate the effect of including a lottery incentive on response rate found that the offer of entry into a lottery style draw for £100 of high street vouchers had no effect on the return rates of postal questionnaires amongst respondents aged 18 years and over (lottery and no incentive conditions both resulted in a 62% response rate).
A survey last month of 1,000 Americans by FreeRide, an Internet marketing group, found that only 1% of web surfers click on banner ads, only half the success rate of random postal marketing.Until now, this has deterred all but a few computer companies, such as Dell and IBM, from spending much on Internet advertising.
The initial response rate of the postal survey was 40%.
The response rate of the postal questionnaires used for the first effect evaluation (12 months after the start of the study) was 95%.
Based on a 40% baseline response rate for postal questionnaires, the addition of a monetary incentive was estimated to increase response by 92 questionnaires per 1000 sent (95% CI 50 to 131).
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