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By the end of the 21st century, the rate of lightning strikes per year could increase by as much as 50%.
The rate of lightning strikes peaked between 12 and 18 days after the arrival of the solar wind.
For 0300 0500, there was a high rate of lightning discharges observed by both the LMA and ATDnet.
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Between 5 and 10 May lightning observations were infrequent and sporadic, whereas from 11 to 21 May relatively high and sustained rates of lightning discharges were observed (Fig. 2a).
The highest rates of detection of lightning discharges by ATDnet are found during periods of low atmospheric temperature (Arason et al. 2011a), low plume top temperature, and when condensation of water vapour occurs in the plume.
The predictions obtained from the plume model are used to examine the effects of changes in volcanic source and atmospheric conditions on the variation of lightning rates during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption.
Variations of lightning flash rate derived from electric field during different stages of the storm on thunderstorm days.
Though handicapped by absence of radar data, a pattern of electric field changes (Figures 3 and 4) and steady decrease of lightning flash rate during dissipation stage (Figure 2) suggests that thunderstorms have not moved away from the observational site during their lifetime.
For objects that have an inductive electrical impedance, such as the wires in a home electrical system, the peak voltage will be proportional to the maximum rate of change of the lightning current and the inductance of the object.
The peak rate of change in the lightning current in a return stroke is on the order of 100,000 amperes per microsecond; therefore, about 100,000 volts will appear across this length of conductor for the duration of the change, typically 100 nanoseconds (billionths of a second).
The values of lightning flashover rates (LFR) reach 0.8277 flashover/year or an equivalent period of 14.49 months for stretches of river crossings, and 0.3403 flashover/year or an equivalent period of 35.26 months for stretches of forest canopy crossing.
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