Fukuyama's emphasis here is on the role of contingency.
Results of the studies cited here indicate that activation of the amygdala seems to be independent of contingency rate: While thirteen studies employing continuous (100%) pairing, eight studies using 50% reinforcement and six studies with 0 %, 25 %, 33 %, 40 % and 80l reported amygdala activation, (e.g. [26], [29], [37], [49], [66]), others with the same pairing rates did not (e.g. [25], [60]).
Finally, the choice of contingency rates is related to a problem specific to neuroimaging studies: the choice of contrasts between conditions.
In summary PNG2 appears to be a gene that is capable of generating new alleles at rates comparable to those of contingency genes, but the current data do not support the idea that this mutability is used for short-term (transient) adaptation.
Moreover, to compare rate of answers among groups contingency tables were done and chi-square test applied.
Furthermore, we combined the contingencies "rate of unionization" and "knowledge intensity" with the control variable "size".
The differential rate of vocal development was not linked to genetics, perinatal experience, or body growth; nor did the amount of contingency influence the overall rate of spontaneous vocal production.
The core or shell lesions had no effect on the rate of acquisition of the omission contingency, which was achieved within four 100-trial sessions.
Young says that "narrow range of contingencies" is shortsighted.
Survival rates were analyzed by the Fisher's exact test of contingency tables.
