Exact(1)
The number of participants included in each model varied according to the proportion of missing data for each of the potential confounding variables; however, the completion rate of confounding variables included in the regression models was at least 99.3 %, with the exception of current depressive symptom score, which was completed by 92.0%%.
Similar(59)
Strengths of the study include the large sample with a high participation rate, control of confounding variables, and the use of several questionnaires.
Study quality was assessed against the following quality criteria: aims and/or research question stated clearly, study design, recruitment strategy stated clearly, data collection methods, analysis (sufficient presentation of data to permit assessment of analysis), and response rate and assessment of confounding for quantitative studies only.
Subsets of confounding factors were selected for each pregnancy outcome depending on clinical plausibility, statistical significance, and size of outcome event rates (a full list of confounding factors controlled for in each analysis is available in the ESM 1: Confounding factors).
Studies that have used staff rated personality disorder features run the risk of confounding diagnosis and rating of reactions, a risk that was substantially reduced in this study.
In our analyses, we consider these socioeconomic determinants on total and gender-based suicide rates to prevent the possibility of confounding results [19].
Data from Europe that suggest an association between PARV4 infection and progression to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention B-syndromes in HIV-positive persons are problematic because of confounding high rates of HCV infection and injection drug use in the PARV4-positive group (8 ).
As a pilot study, a conventional sample size calculation is not appropriate as the study's main aim is to assess feasibility, recruitment and follow-up rates, clarify selection biases and effects of confounding.
The distance between trend lines decreased with lower thresholds, possibly indicating some ecological control of confounding effects of smoking rates.
Control of confounding variables = region, HIV testing rate, and age.
Harmonisation of practice would reduce the risk of confounding, and could bring additional benefits in reducing nosocomial infection rates.
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