Data from the United Nations shows that population growth, measured as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate, has gone from about 15 per 1,000 people in 1980 to below 5.5 per 1,000 people today.
You can get cash in local currency at an A.T.M. at the official rate minus about 1percentt, depending on your bank or card company and the color of your plastic.
As long as the Fed keeps inflation around 2%, however, the real interest rate can go no lower than -2% (a zero federal-funds rate minus the 2% rate of inflation).Christina Romer of the University of California, Berkeley is one of the many economists who see a need for a psychological jolt to rouse the economy.
For the first time in a decade the "real" federal funds rate is negative (i.e., a 1.25% funds rate minus the 2.4% year-over-year gain in the December consumer price index is a negative 1.15%).
The actual intake rate minus the energy expenditure e [kJ day−1] resulted in the energy available for the storage of reserves.
Target-detection performance was computed by use of a percentage measure of the hit rate minus the FA rate.
The net benefit of the other strategies represents the resulting decrease in the event rate minus the cost of treatment.
The absolute risk reduction (ARR) was expressed as the control event rate minus the experimental even rate and the number needed to treat as 1/ARR.
To enable direct comparison with the results reported by Krumbholz et al. (2007), performance accuracy was transformed into a percentage measure of the hit rate minus FA rate.
Participation in the fMRI experiment required performance to reach a percentage measure of the hit rate minus the false-alarm (FA) rate of 60 90%, with a no more than 5% difference in performance across the two target-detection tasks.
We recorded median latencies of correct responses and detection accuracy, which was calculated from the hit rate minus the false alarm rate divided by the number of trials (55).
